9/12/2019 Apa 8th Edition
Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page.
For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6 th ed., 2 nd printing). Contributors:Joshua M.
Apa 8th Edition Download
Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore, Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck Last Edited: 2018-01-16 11:31:56 The American Psychological Association (APA) updated its style manual in the summer of 2009. This resource presents the changes made between the fifth and sixth editions. Please note that the first printing of the APA sixth edition contained misprints; if you are using the APA manual, make sure you are using at least the second printing of the sixth edition. Traditionally, psychologists were the main users of APA, but recently, students and writers in other fields began using APA style.
Therefore, the sixth edition was written with a broader audience in mind. The changes made to the sixth edition reflect this broader audience. This resource was created following the APA manual’s “What’s New in APA,” is organized according to the APA manual chapters, and highlights updates to the sixth edition that most concern student writers instead of those interested in publishing manuscripts. For a more complete discussion of the changes, please visit.
Levels of Heading Headings are used to help guide the reader through a document. The levels are organized by levels of subordination, and each section of the paper should start with the highest level of heading. Fifth Edition (Section 3.31 in the APA manual) APA Headings Level Format 1 CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADINGS 2 Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Headings 3 Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings 4 Left-aligned, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Side Heading 5 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Sixth Edition (3.03) APA Headings Level Format 1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings 2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading 3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. 4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. 5 Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. For example, in a scientific report following APA style, a report contains three sections: Method, Results, and Discussion.
Each of these sections start with level 1 headings: Methods (Level 1) Site of Study (Level 2) Participant Population (Level 2) Teachers. (Level 3) Students. (Level 3) Results (Level 1) Spatial Ability (Level 2) Test one. (level 3) Teachers with experience. (Level 4) Teachers in training. (Level 4) Test two. Bb curve 9300.
(Level 3) Kinesthetic Ability (Level 2) Reducing Bias in Language (3.11) Using precise language is expected in scientific writing, and the sixth edition offers new ways in which to talk about research participants (note that “subjects” is still an acceptable term to use, but “participants” is more representative of the individuals’ roles in the research project). Refer to participants at the appropriate level of specificity.
The manual provides the example of using women and men to refer to all human beings instead of only using man. Man is appropriate to use when referring to one man but not when referring to a population that includes men and women. Refer to participants how they wish to be called.
Try to avoid labels if possible, but if this is not avoidable, be respectful. Focus on the people and not the label. For example, instead of labeling a group “the elderly' or 'the arthritic,' labels in which individuals are lost, try “older adults' or 'a woman with arthritis.' Acknowledge participants’ participation while still following the rules in your field. For example, a cognitive psychology student might use the term “subjects” in her research report, but a nursing student might use the term “patients” to refer to those who participated in his research. Whatever term you choose to use, be sure you are consistent throughout your paper and with your field’s guidelines. The Mechanics of Style Spacing (4.01).
Regarding punctuation in manuscript drafts, APA suggests using two spaces after periods ending sentences to aid readability. One space: “Previous research shows that patients are interested in palliative care. This research project explores how to discuss palliative care with patients.” Two spaces: “Previous research shows that patients are interested in palliative care. This research project explores how to discuss palliative care with patients.” Approximations (4.31-32). Use words to express approximations of days, months, and year.
“I started spelunking about four years ago.” Reporting statistics (4.35, 44, and 10). Use a zero before the decimal point with numbers less than one when the statistic can be greater than one. 0.56 kg Do not use a zero before the decimal point when the number cannot be greater than one.
R =.015 Include effect sizes and confidence intervals with statistics. This will allow the reader to more fully understand the conducted analyses. Use brackets to group together confidence interval limits in both the body text and tables (5.15). “95% Cls -7.2, 4.3, 9.2, 12.4, and -1.2, -0.5” (p. 94) Displaying Results The sixth edition includes a section (5.01) on the purpose of displaying data. This section can help you decide when and how to display your data. For example, your data might show that you are exploring data and information, or your data may serve a storage purpose for later retrieval.
More than likely, though, your data will serve either a communication purpose to show you have discovered meaning in data and you want to show/communicate to others this meaning. Figures include graphs, charts, maps, drawings, and photographs. As a general rule, only include figures when they add to the value of the paper. If the figure merely repeats what is written in the paper, do not include it, as it does not add any new information to the paper. The sixth edition also emphasizes the importance of clearly labeling electrophysiological, radiological, and genetic data. References Direct Quotations (6.01-21) The sixth edition provides explicit rules for direct quotations and states that you must credit the source when “paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing an idea that influenced your work” (p. If the quotation is less than 40 words, incorporate the quotation into the text and place quotation marks round the quotation.
Cite the source immediately after the quotation and continue with the sentence. Porter (1998) has stated that, “The internetworked classroom has the potential (not yet realized) to empower students” (p. 5), and this research project examines this potential. If the quotation you are using falls at the end of the sentence, enclose the quotation with quotation marks without including the quotation’s original punctuation.
Here’s a sentence as it appears in the original text: “Semantic frames/domains represent one of the two major organizing principles for conceptual structure” (Croft & Cruse, 2004, p. Here’s what the sentence looks like when quoted within a text: In arguing for frame semantics, Croft and Cruse (2004) asserted, “Semantic frames/domains represent one of the two major organizing principles for conceptual structure” (p. If the quotation has more than 40 words, use a block quotation. Begin the quotation on a new line and indent a half-inch from the left margin. Double-space the entire quotation, and at the end of the quotation, provide citation information after the final punctuation mark. John Nicholson (1820) anticipated this effect when discussion farming methods in the nineteenth century: Perhaps it would be well, if some institution were devised, and supported at the expense of the State, which would be so organized as would tend most effectually to produce a due degree of emulation among Farmers, by rewards and honorary distinctions conferred by those who, by their successful experimetnal efforts and improvements, should render themselves duly entitled to them.
92) The Reference List References that appear in the text must appear in the references list in alphabetical order by the author’s last name, with the exception of personal communication; only cite personal communication in the text, not in the reference list. Electronic sources (6.31).
Because electronic publishing has become a standard in research, the sixth edition provides an overview of electronic sources and how to reference them, specifically with URLs and DOIs. URLs, more commonly known as a web address, locate information housed on the Internet. The fifth edition specified that references to electronic sources should refer to the article’s or document’s URL. However, they are prone to “breaking” or deleting, and to resolve issues associated with the unstable nature of URLs, publishers have started using DOIs with articles. For more details on how to cite electronic sources with following the sixth edition, consult your APA manual. While citing from a webpage, you may not be able to find a page number to refer to, i.e., there is no pagination. Instead, refer to the paragraph number from which you are citing where you would usually insert a page number by using “para.” instead of “p.”.
2002 land rover discovery kalahari edition. Be sure to include the author’s/s’ name/s and year, too, if applicable. “The Purdue University Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) assist clients in their development as writers—no matter what their skill level—with on-campus consultations, online participation, and community engagement” (Purdue OWL, 2010, “Mission,” para. “Mission” is used here to refer to the section in which this quote was found.
In the 7th edition of the Handbook, a separate set of citation instructions were given for each format type. The problem with this approach is that there is no way to anticipate all format types a student may encounter. To solve this problem, this new edition of the MLA Handbook provides a 'universal set of guidelines' for citing sources across all format types. These guidelines state that, if given, these major elements should be included in the citation: 1. Author. Title of Source 3. Title of Container 4.
Other Contributors 5. Publication date 9. Location Sometimes, elements 3-9 will repeat again, if say, your journal was inside a database.
Putting it all together: Goldman, Anne. 'Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante.'
The Georgia Review, vol.64, no. 1, 2010, pp.69- 88. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41403188. Book, Single Author Garcia Marquez, Gabriel.
Love in the Time of Cholera. Vintage, 1988. Book, Two Authors Casell, Kay Ann and Uma Hiremath. Reference and Information Services in the 21st Century: An Introduction. Neal-Schuman, 2004. (NOTE: Authors should be listed in the order they are listed on the title page.) Book, Three or More Authors Robbins, Chandler S., et al. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Golden, 1966.
Book, with Translator or other contributors Homer. Translated by Robert Fagles, Viking, 1996. Here are other common descriptions: Adapted by, Directed by, Edited by, Illustrated by, Introduction by, Narrated by, Performance. A work (e.g., essay, short story) in an anthology or compilation. Kimball, Jean.
'Growing Up Together: Joyce and Psychoanalysis, 1900-1922.' Joyce through the Ages: A Nonlinear View, edited by Michael Patrick Gillespie, UP of Florida, 1999, pp. 25-45. Book, Later Edition Blamires, Harry.
The New Bloomsday Book: A Guide through Ulysses. 3rd ed., Routledge, 1996. Article in an Online Database Hannah, Daniel K. 'The Private Life, the Public Stage: Henry James in Recent Fiction.' Journal of Modern Literature, vol.30, no. 3, 2007, pp.
JSTOR, www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.uwf.edu/stable/30053134. Note: When including a URL, omit the and Article in Print Journal Hannah, Daniel K. 'The Private Life, the Public Stage: Henry James in Recent Fiction.'
Journal of Modern Literature, vol.30, no.3, 2007, pp. Article (Web Page) on a Web Site Farkas, Meredith. 'Tips for Being a Great Blogger (and a Good Person).' Information Wants to Be Free, 19 July 2011, meredith.wolfwater.com/wordpress/2011/07/19/tips-for-being-a-great-blogger-and-good-person/. Note: When including a URL, omit the and Website (Whole site) Farkas, Meredith.
Information Wants to Be Free. 2015, meredith.wolfwater.com. YouTube Video 'Dog Turns Roomba Off.' YouTube, uploaded by ilovetobamom, 28 Dec. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei5H-wd3BIU. Podcast 'Chapter I: If You Keep Your Mouth Shut, You'll Be Surprised What You Can Learn.' S-Town from Serial and This American Life. stownpodcast.org/chapter/1.
Accessed 8 May 2017. Note: Date of access is optional in MLA 8th edition.
I decided to include it here because I could find no publication date for the podcast. If I had, I would have included it after This American Life and probably would have omitted the date I accessed it. like so: This American Life, 2 April 2017.
Stownpodcast.org/chapter/1 Also, Serial and This American Life are the organizations that publish S-Town. So, you may have NPR here, for example, or an individual's name.
Tweet @realDonaldTrump. 'Wow, the Fake News media did everything in its power to make Republican Healthcare victory look as bad as possible. Far better than Ocare!'
Twitter, 5 May 2017, 4:22 p.m., Television Show on Streaming Platform 'A Fish Out of Water.' Family Guy, season 3, episode 10, Fox Broadcasting Company, 19 September 2001. Hulu, www.hulu.com/watch/171063.
In the 7th edition of the Handbook, a separate set of citation instructions were given for each format type. The problem with this approach is that there is no way to anticipate all format types a student may encounter. To solve this problem, this new edition of the MLA Handbook provides a 'universal set of guidelines' for citing sources across all format types. These guidelines state that, if given, these major elements should be included in the citation: 1. Author. Title of Source 3. Title of Container 4. Other Contributors 5.
Publication date 9. Location Sometimes, elements 3-9 will repeat again, if say, your journal was inside a database.
Putting it all together: Goldman, Anne. 'Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante.' The Georgia Review, vol.64, no. 1, 2010, pp.69- 88. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41403188.
Book, Single Author Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. Love in the Time of Cholera.
Vintage, 1988. Book, Two Authors Casell, Kay Ann and Uma Hiremath. Reference and Information Services in the 21st Century: An Introduction. Neal-Schuman, 2004. (NOTE: Authors should be listed in the order they are listed on the title page.) Book, Three or More Authors Robbins, Chandler S., et al.
Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Golden, 1966. Book, with Translator or other contributors Homer. Translated by Robert Fagles, Viking, 1996. Here are other common descriptions: Adapted by, Directed by, Edited by, Illustrated by, Introduction by, Narrated by, Performance. A work (e.g., essay, short story) in an anthology or compilation. Kimball, Jean. 'Growing Up Together: Joyce and Psychoanalysis, 1900-1922.'
Joyce through the Ages: A Nonlinear View, edited by Michael Patrick Gillespie, UP of Florida, 1999, pp. 25-45. Book, Later Edition Blamires, Harry. The New Bloomsday Book: A Guide through Ulysses. 3rd ed., Routledge, 1996.
Article in an Online Database Hannah, Daniel K. 'The Private Life, the Public Stage: Henry James in Recent Fiction.' Journal of Modern Literature, vol.30, no. 3, 2007, pp. JSTOR, www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.uwf.edu/stable/30053134. Note: When including a URL, omit the and Article in Print Journal Hannah, Daniel K. 'The Private Life, the Public Stage: Henry James in Recent Fiction.'
Journal of Modern Literature, vol.30, no.3, 2007, pp. Article (Web Page) on a Web Site Farkas, Meredith. 'Tips for Being a Great Blogger (and a Good Person).'
Information Wants to Be Free, 19 July 2011, meredith.wolfwater.com/wordpress/2011/07/19/tips-for-being-a-great-blogger-and-good-person/. Note: When including a URL, omit the and Website (Whole site) Farkas, Meredith. Information Wants to Be Free.
2015, meredith.wolfwater.com. YouTube Video 'Dog Turns Roomba Off.'
YouTube, uploaded by ilovetobamom, 28 Dec. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei5H-wd3BIU. Podcast 'Chapter I: If You Keep Your Mouth Shut, You'll Be Surprised What You Can Learn.'
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S-Town from Serial and This American Life. stownpodcast.org/chapter/1. Accessed 8 May 2017.
Note: Date of access is optional in MLA 8th edition. I decided to include it here because I could find no publication date for the podcast. If I had, I would have included it after This American Life and probably would have omitted the date I accessed it. like so: This American Life, 2 April 2017. Stownpodcast.org/chapter/1 Also, Serial and This American Life are the organizations that publish S-Town. So, you may have NPR here, for example, or an individual's name. Tweet @realDonaldTrump.
'Wow, the Fake News media did everything in its power to make Republican Healthcare victory look as bad as possible. Far better than Ocare!' Twitter, 5 May 2017, 4:22 p.m., Television Show on Streaming Platform 'A Fish Out of Water.' Family Guy, season 3, episode 10, Fox Broadcasting Company, 19 September 2001. Hulu, www.hulu.com/watch/171063.
Glossary of Selected Terms Annotation A short review or description of what you are citing. Date Accessed When an online work was viewed.
Electronically Published When content was published online or electronically. This date is not always present on a webpage. Place of Publication Location of the publisher. Depending on the source or style, you may or may not need to know the city, state, or country. Publisher/Sponsor Company, individual, or entity that helped get a work published or distributed. Suffix Letters/Abbreviations at the end of a name that tells us more about an individual. For example, Jr.
(junior), III (third in family with a name), Esq. (esquire), etc. Title Name given to a source that identifies it. URL Link or address of a webpage. One example is Medium How a source or content piece was distributed or presented.
Here is one example: E-book: Other - PDF, CSV, Word Doc, etc. Contributor Someone or an organization that helped produce a certain work.
For example, a film director, dance choreographer, orchestra conductor, etc. Author Creator (often writer) of a piece such as a book, script, play, article, podcast, comic, etc.
Mouse-over (hover) to pause slider, remove to continue Using APA Software – Using MLA Software Don’t struggle formatting APA Format or MLA Format papers. With Paper Wizard you can get that term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation, or journal article done fast! Paper Wizard will format your paper and citations so that they conform to APA Publication Manual Sixth Edition or MLA Handbook Seventh Edition. Paper Wizard integrates with Microsoft Word and becomes a part of it. Microsoft Word is the preferred way to submit a paper to your instructor/professor. However, it takes more than formatting an APA Reference List or MLA Works Cited List to get a good grade. Grammar Wizard will check your paper for grammatical style or word usage errors and guide you to a solution.
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